Photography Glossary

The amount of light reaching the sensor. Correct exposure produces an image that is neither too bright (overexposed) nor too dark (underexposed). It depends on aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.

The sharpness zone of the image. Precise focus makes the main subject sharp, while the background can be intentionally blurred (bokeh) to isolate the subject.

A setting that corrects color cast caused by the light source. Incorrect white balance gives overly warm (orange) or cool (blue) tones.

A composition principle that divides the image into 9 equal zones with 2 horizontal and 2 vertical lines. Placing important elements on these lines or at their intersections creates a more dynamic and balanced image.

Natural or architectural lines in the image that guide the viewer's eye toward the main subject. They create depth and movement: roads, fences, rivers, shadows...

The sense of three-dimensionality in a photo. It is achieved by using successive planes (foreground, subject, background), perspective, or depth of field.

A balanced combination of colors in the image. Complementary harmonies (opposite colors on the color wheel), analogous (neighboring colors), or monochromatic schemes contribute to the photo's mood.

The diameter of the lens diaphragm opening, expressed in f-stops. A small number (f/1.8) = wide opening = more light and shallow depth of field (blurred background). A large number (f/16) = narrow opening = less light and deep depth of field (everything sharp).

The sensor's sensitivity to light. Low ISO (100-400) produces a clean image but requires more light. High ISO (1600+) allows shooting in low light but introduces digital noise.

The duration the sensor is exposed to light. A fast speed (1/1000s) freezes motion. A slow speed (1/30s or less) can create motion blur, useful for waterfalls or light painting.